01 - Preheat oven to 350°F (180°C). Generously grease a 9x13-inch baking dish with butter or nonstick spray.
02 - Scatter half of the cubed croissants evenly across the bottom of the prepared baking dish, creating a single layer.
03 - In a medium bowl, beat the softened cream cheese and granulated sugar together until smooth and creamy. Add the eggs, whole milk, vanilla extract, and lemon zest, then mix until fully combined and no lumps remain.
04 - Place the blueberries in a small bowl and toss with the all-purpose flour until evenly coated. This prevents the berries from sinking during baking, especially important when using frozen blueberries.
05 - Sprinkle half of the flour-coated blueberries over the first croissant layer. Pour half of the cream cheese custard mixture evenly over the croissants and berries. Layer the remaining croissant cubes on top, followed by the remaining blueberries. Pour the rest of the custard mixture over everything, pressing down gently so the croissants absorb the liquid.
06 - Allow the assembled casserole to rest at room temperature for 10 minutes so the croissants fully soak up the custard. Alternatively, cover tightly and refrigerate overnight for a make-ahead option.
07 - Bake uncovered for 35 to 40 minutes until the center is set, the edges are golden brown, and a knife inserted into the middle comes out clean.
08 - Let the casserole cool for 10 minutes before slicing. Dust generously with powdered sugar and serve warm with maple syrup or a dollop of whipped cream if desired.